The function until() can be used to create a range but it will skip the last element given. The function reversed() can be used to reverse the values of a range. Ranges can be created for characters like we have created them for integer values. Let's have a look at the following example: Example We can use step() function to define the distance between the values of the range. If we want to define a backward range we can use the downTo operator: Example So the above code can be re-written using.

The rangeTo() is often called in its operator form. When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:

To create a Kotlin range we call rangeTo() function on the range start value and provide the end value as an argument. Exampleġ.10 // Range of integers starting from 1 to 10Ī.z // Range of characters starting from a to zĪ.Z // Range of capital characters starting from A to Zīoth the ends of the range are always included in the range which means that the 1.4 expression corresponds to the values 1,2,3 and 4. The main operation on ranges is contains, which is usually used in the form of in and !in operators. Kotlin ranges are created with rangeTo() function, or simply using downTo or (.) operators. In Java, vararg parameters must be declared as the last parameter.Kotlin range is defined by its two endpoint values which are both included in the range. Basically, it copies all elements from the original array to a new one and passes the copied one to the sum() function. Index 13 and 14 are loading two parameters into the operand stack and then passing them to the pyOf(int, int) method. Then it will pass the new array as the vararg parameter: 12: aload_0 // loads the intġ5: invokestatic #71 // Method java/util/pyOf:([II)[I Kotlin will use the pyOf(array, length) method to first create a copy of the spreading array. Moreover, when using the spread operator: val numbers = intArrayOf(1, 2) Also, the ACC_VARARGS flag specifies that the function accepts a variable-length parameter. After that, we can take a peek at the generated bytecode via javap: $ javap -c -p -v įlags: (0x0099) ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC, ACC_FINAL, ACC_VARARGSĪs shown above, the vararg parameter is defined as a vararg in Java.

Kotlin range operator